Sonnets from the Portuguese - pix link posted below

Oswaldo Costa

Oswaldo Costa
We arrived in Lisbon on December 26.

To a Brazilian, being in Portugal, the old country, is an experience strangely familiar. Our pronunciation of Portuguese is different, perhaps not quite Texan v. Cockney, but maybe Staten Island v. English toff. Theres an old Brazilian joke of being in a taxi in Portugal and having the driver turn and ask what the hell language is that youre speaking that I can understand everything youre saying? The Portuguese are also known for being literal in their use of language. When I was here last, I called a store and asked if they closed on Sundays. The employee said No. I replied Oh, good, so youre open? She again replied No. I said Sorry, come again? She replied well, we dont close on Sunday because we dont open in the first place. But I digress. In the style of architecture, and in the names of things on plaques everywhere, there is so much of what I see in my native Rio de Janeiro. Yet everything is also slightly different, almost, but not fully, European, generating a series of small double-takes at every corner. On the streets, one sees the old Portugal, represented by ruddy faced agricultural physiognomies, blending awkwardly with the new underclass of immigrants from Angola and Mozambique. After years of totalitarian backwardness under Salazar, Portugal has been playing catch up to the rest of Europe, especially since entering the EEC. While it has comparatively little to give the world in terms of industry or commodities (short of that spongiform rod used to imperfectly seal bottles of fermented grape juice), it has a rich culture to be explored.

After dropping our bags at the hotel, we visited the charming but dilapidated Alfama and Chiado districts of downtown Lisbon, where we hit all the tourist must-sees. My favorite was Castelo de S. Jorge, the ruins of a large Moorish castle overlooking Lisbon and conquered by King Alfonso I, the first king of Portugal, in 1147, an important step towards taking the country back from the Moors. The only weird thing we did was look for the Texas Bar Lisbon. Years ago I saw a Wim Wenders movie in which one of the characters wore a t-shirt saying Texas Bar Lisbon; I found the juxtaposition so incongruously compelling that I had to have it, and determined to buy that t-shirt if ever in town. Alas, after years of pining, we found the site in a dark and seedy alley, but a year ago it changed names and was converted into a disco. Not a victimless crime, but I felt like a crimeless victim.

Lisbon is very hilly, so we got back to the hotel exhausted. But tourists like Marcia and me are troopers, so after quick showers we headed for dinner at a well-regarded restaurant called Faz Figura, near the River Tejos dockside. Service was impeccable and we both had, as a main course, a Portuguese staple called Cataplana, a fish stew made in a homonymous pot composed of two hammered brass saucers clamped together. Amazingly good. The wine list had exemplars from most Portuguese appellations, but producers were mostly on the modern side. With our appetizers, we had glasses of vinho verde (2008 Quinta de Azevedo) that had some crispness, but was not satisfying because too lacking in body. Do I have the right to ask a vinho verde to have body? Perhaps as much as I can expect a featherweight to throw a decent punch.

Our main wine was a red made from Baga (2005 Quinta do Foz do Arouce Vinhas Velhas de Santa Maria 14.0%), chosen to experience the work of one of the Bairrada wineries that we decided not visit because of insufficiently traditional credentials. Sour cherry, vanilla and rosemary aromas. Nice grippy tannins, good acid/sweet balance, light bitter finish, but way too much vanilla. Damn new wood; makes it harder to experience whats particular about a grape while pushing the gestalt towards generic Bordeaux.

December 27 saw us headed towards the Gulbenkian Foundation, which has two museums, one of more recently acquired contemporary art, and one of the founders own collection. The contemporary wing had an exhibition of Portuguese art from the 70s, mostly installations and conceptual art, echoing what was going on elsewhere in the US and Europe. I found it dismal and dated, partly because the exhibition space, a cavernous 70s hangar-like industrial temple, is inhospitable for anything other than an automotive parts show. In a funk, and without much enthusiasm, we segued to the founders collection, and Im glad we did. Maybe because Gulbenkian was an Armenian immigrant, his collection eclectically combines east and west with unforced political correctness, like a one-man Metropolitan Museum of Art. Amazing exemplars of Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese and European art, all beautifully displayed, make a forceful argument for beauty as transcendental, rather than cultural; any suspicion of transitoriness seemed attenuated by centuries of acceptance, like polymerized tannins.

Recharged, we moved on the National Museum of Ancient Art, where mostly Portuguese art is on display, together with an amazing Bosch depiction of hell, a Piero della Francesca, and a few other highlights. Next we visited a wonderful late gothic monastery called the Mosteiro dos Jeronimos, where Vasco da Gama and Cames are buried, and the iconic tower called Torre de Belm from which Portuguese navigators set off in the 15th and 16th centuries to lay claim to half the world. Before entering, we went to a nearby shop that sells the most famous version of a famous Portuguese custard delicacy called Pastel de Belm (the district is also famous because it was here that Jeronimo had his last stand against Custard).

Semi-catatonic with exhaustion, we went back to the hotel for a rest, but soon trooped off for dinner at a quay-side seafood restaurant called 5 Oceanos (5 Oceans). Generous portions of excellent codfish and vongole risotto accompanied by a much better vinho verde (2008 Soalheiro Alvarinho 12.5%; mineral and white flower aromas; good weight, simple but tasty fruit, seemed like it could use more acidity, but was very good and balanced with food) and a good red made by Alvaro Castro (2006 Quinta da Pellada Reserva Do 13.0%; nice cherry, light vanilla, hickory bacon and sage aromas; velvety mouth feel, good acidity, light and elegant tannins, went very well with the food).

December 28 arrived full of expectations because it was the day of our visit to Colares, the westernmost European appellation (next appellation west of that is the North Fork), in frank decadence as a result of changing tastes and encroaching real estate expansion by suburban Lisbon. It is also notable for being entirely planted with ungrafted vines because it is right by the seaside and a layer of sand covers the clay and calcareous soil (phylloxera is allergic to sand). First we took a commuter train to hillside city of Sintra, where there is a lovely royal palace that saw considerable action from the XIVth to the XVIIth centuries. It is full of gorgeous ceramic tiles, including a particularly special one showing grape vines in relief. One sees traces of the Moorish domination everywhere in Portuguese esthetics, particularly in the beautifully patterned and omnipresent ceramic tiles. Since depicting the human figure was verboten in Muslim iconography, their ornamental energies were fully channeled into abstraction, resulting in dazzling geometric patterns that predated Op Art and Constructivism by a cool millennium.

For lunch, at a local wine bar platonically called A Loja do Vinho (The Wine Store) we had a good cheese plate accompanied by our first ever Colares wine (2004 Adegas Beira Mar Casal da Azenha Colares 12.5%; leather and red berry aromas; herbal and pruney, with good acidity, good density and sweet finish; before food, the acid and sweetness seem to be in separate rooms, but with cheese everything comes together and analytic faculties surrender to pleasure; wow, cant get enough of this). After walking around the picturesque town, we took a cab to nearby Colares, where we visited the local coop, the Adega Regional de Colares. Alas, there was wine to be tasted; only by previous appointment with an operator that conducts tasting tours. But they had, incredibly, bottles for sale going back to 1931, with prices higher than 100 Euro only for vintages more than 40 years old. Next we took another cab to the nearby seaside town of Azenhas do Mar, where we had a hard-won (because of the holiday crush) appointment with Antonio Bernardino Paulo da Silva, third generation owner of Adegas Beira Mar. Antonio was recommended by David Lillie, who used to sell Antonios wines at Garnet. Azenhas do Mar is poised on stunningly beautiful craggy cliffs from which a precipitous descent into the foaming and steel gray Atlantic leaves you breathless with vertigo. Antonio was only able to give us half an hour because he had just arrived from a trip and had a meeting to catch at the Adega Regional de Colares where he is treasurer (he even showed us the summons so we wouldnt think he was making it up). But he was extremely gracious, giving us a quick tour (which included large 19th century oak casks made of, incredibly, Brazilian oak), showing off his wines medals (he cares), and answering a few questions. The red grape used in Colares is called Ramisco and the vines are grown very close to the sandy soil to catch the heat from the sand. Below that layer of sand, that can be anywhere from 50 centimeters to 5 meters (he said three men tall, and since the average Portuguese is 170 cm, I just rounded the sum down) deep and serves to keep the bug at bay, there is clay/calcareous soil that feeds the ungrafted rootstocks. Fermentation is floating cap for 4/5 days. No maceration. Antonio avoids new wood and uses as little SO2 as he can (he said the wines show 10mg total at bottling per hundred liters, but that cant be right; 10mg per liter is already lower than most). Malos happen in the spring when temperatures rise, and a touch of SO2 is used to protect the musts during the winter. Colares is a stable microclimate and vintage variation is small. According to Antonio, Colares wine is to be served at 22C, higher than usual, to liberate the aromas. Because of time constraints, we didnt taste any wine, or waste any time, but Antonio made up for it by giving us a few bottles to try later. If, on one hand, our visit to Colares was dismal because we tasted no wine (a first), we came away with booty and greatly enjoyed the rugged uniqueness of the appellation.

Antonio gave us a ride back to Colares from where we took a cab to Sintra, and from there the train back to Lisbon. That night we had dinner at Travessa, an elegant restaurant in an old convent for which we had high expectations, since it was recommended by several guides and blogs. The wine list was the first let down: mostly wines from the Douro or Alentejo, in other words, a choice between modern and QPR. I asked the sommelier why he didnt have any Colares, or even Bairrada, and he replied that they dont sell. With resentful irrationality, I exclaimed all the more reason to feature them! which only drew a puzzled look. After discussing oak-free and sufficiently acidic options (he tried to steer us away from a particular wine by saying its a monovarietal, and blends are more complex, we settled on a white (2008 Domingos Soares Franco Verdelho Coleo Privada Setbal 12.5%; pleasant mineral, white flower and citrus aroma; fresh, but needs more acidity to be crisp; decent weight) and a red (2004 Donzel Reserva Douro DOC 13.0%; blend of Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Franca and Tinta Amarela; sour cherry, gunpowder and chocolate aromas; velvety smooth, decent acidity, short finish, no personality to speak of; alas, lower alcohol and little wood are no guarantee of pleasure) that were disappointing. The food was fine but a bit too delicate, as if walking on tip toes, or under a fog of SO2.

Next: three days on the island of Madeira.
 
Very interesting, Oswaldo, thanks.

I was in Sintra a decade ago (visiting Lisbon for my guest patient gig at the European Association for the Study of the Liver), but had no time to visit Colares. Too bad for me.
 
On December 29 we flew to Madeira, just short of two hours from Lisbon, on a large jet filled with tourists. It was extremely windy upon arrival, making for the bumpiest approach Ive ever experienced, and a landing met with relieved general applause. The airport lies almost at the tip of the island, so it felt like we were landing on an aircraft carrier: water, water, water, and then, suddenly, land. Madeira is actually quite big, with a population of over 200,000 and several towns. It is shaped like a single very large and extra wide mountain, with an extensive plateau at the top that, admirably but irrationally, is uninhabited because protected park land. All you see there are animals grazing and tourists gazing (because picking so much as a flower can earn you a 300 fine). The slopes, on the other hand, are full of winding roads, with considerable edifications on the lower levels.

After dropping our bags at the hotel, we boarded a mini van for the capital, Funchal. It seemed like a good idea, when we booked this cameo in the middle of our trip to Portugal, to go with an excursion, but soon we began to regret it. I wont bore you with the details, but the rest of the first day, spent in downtown Funchal tourist traps, ending with dinner at a dismal restaurant featuring traditional music and dancing, was a drag. Included with dinner were 2008 Carmin Terras del Rei Branco Alentejo 12.0% (very dilute) and 2007 Carmin Terras del Rei Tinto12.5% (just quaffable). We tasted an acceptable Verdelho (medium dry) Madeira earlier that afternoon and before the meal at the restaurant.

December 30 was dedicated to a full day trip around the island. This time, the excursion aspect seemed to pay off, with lots of beautiful scenery that we might not have otherwise known enough to visit. Madeira is essentially an extinct volcano, its vines (also sugar cane and bananas) cultivated on terraces carved out of very steep slopes, where everything has to be done by hand, with no help possible from animals. According to our guide, the younger generations have not been interested in following their parents agricultural footsteps, and have mostly moved abroad or to Funchal, where half the islands population has already concentrated. Wherever we drove, we saw houses boarded up and abandoned, and vine terraces untended. The situation is not helped by the structure of production: the Madeira houses, who buy their grapes from small famers, most of whom own much less than an acre, are not as exposed as the growers, who bear the bulk of the economic downside in bad harvests (like the current one). At this rate, there may be very little new Madeira wine made in a few generations because of the pincer effect of unrewarding economics and the toughness of life on the land.

Our lunch at a tourist trap restaurant in Porto Moniz came with another pair from Alentejo: 2008 Real Lavrador Branco 12.5% and 2007 Real Lavrador Tinto 12.5%, both quaffable. After more sightseeing and stunning views from some of the islands highest peaks, we returned to the hotel, where we had dinner. Faced with an uninspired wine list, we chose a 2004 Campolargo Bairrada Tinto 13.0% because it was from another Bairrada winery that we wont be visiting because of insufficiently traditional credentials. This was 100% pinot noir, fully destemmed, cold maceration. Sweet cherry aromas; good acidity, good weight, good acid/sweet balance; simple, but tasty; not modern in oak, alcohol or low acidity, only in choice of grape; could use some stems in the mix, but has definitely some pinosity.

January 31 featured more sightseeing and lunch at a quay side restaurant where we drank 2007 Herdade dos Grous Tinto Alentejo 14.0%, a blend of Aragons, Syrah, Alicante Bouschet and Touriga Nacional. Label says fermented in lagares and spends 9 months in French oak. Ripe cherry, spice, plum and mocha aromas and flavors; good level of acidity, but tastes unnatural (as in not integrated). But it is neither hot nor oaky, so its otherwise agreeable.

During the afternoon we strolled around Funchal and visited a hotel designed by Oscar Niemeyer. Later we stopped by what may be the citys best wine store, Diogos, on Av. Arriaga. The manager, Amrico, taught us about Madeira and perfected our notions of which ports are oxidative and which are not (in a nutshell, they are all oxidative except the LBVs, which are semi-oxidative, and the vintages, which are not). Taking a shine to us, he pulled out, from a faraway closet, a magnum of 1983 Niepoort Colheita and poured us glasses. Yummy. Im beginning to warm to oxidation. As spoils, we picked up a 1969 DOliveira Sercial because thats Marcias birth year, and a 1988 DOliveira Terrantez because its such a rare grape (as well as my birth year, ha!).

At the hotel, the wine served for their New Years Dinner was a 2008 Herdade das Anforas Monte das Anforas Alentejo 13.5%, a decent QPR available at Astor. But the acidity again tasted unnatural. Amrico, the wine store manager, told us the previous afternoon that most Alentejo wines are acidified. That certainly seems true of the ones we tasted. After dinner we went to a belvedere where Madeira Islands famed fireworks display, reputed to be one of the worlds best, was unleashed in the general vicinity of midnight. Almost 100,000 fireworks in eight minutes. Many were fired from the coastline right below our location, so they blazed above our heads and, spent, showered cinders upon our unsuspecting scalps. The final flurry was so intense that I actually feared some precipitate accident, but we survived.

The first morning of 2010 started with another dull buffet breakfast and was followed by bleary-eyed sightseeing up dizzying mountain peaks. For our last Madeira lunch, back at the hotel, I rescued a forgotten bottle of 1996 Quinta de Pancas Cabernet Sauvignon Vinho Regional Estremadura 12.5% that had been sitting on the wine rack for a few days. At 14, there was little downside, not to mention being able to turn it down if corked or whatever. To my delight, it was in fine, with mature leather, cherry and tar aromas, good acidity and weight, and ideal alcohol. Bingo.

In the evening we returned to Lisbon and arrived pretty late, crashing at the hotel a little after midnight. Our first dinner of 2010 was a miserable little sandwich served by SATA airlines. But the following evenings dinner more than made up for it.

On January 2nd we visited the excellent contemporary art collection of a Brazilian attorney living in Lisbon who prospered by betting on Madeira when it took off as an offshore corporate tax haven twenty years ago. He and his wife then took us to lunch at his favorite Portuguese restaurant, whose name I neglected to note, where we ate well, if not memorably, and drank two bottles of Quinta do Carmo white, floral and pleasant in a blandly modern and acid lacking way. During the afternoon we bought some Portuguese soap to take home, since its the best we know.

For dinner, we had one of those memorable experiences that trips like these are made for. We went to the quaintly named Nariz de Vinho Tinto (Red Wine Nose), a restaurant recommended by Frommers in way that sounded just right: the owner, Antonio Ignacio, pays as much attention to the wine list as he does to seasonal ingredients. Antonio was terrific throughout the evening, enjoying the opportunity to talk about old v. new Portuguese wine. I tried to make clear that we didnt want any high fallutin newfangled tenderfoot garbage, just some old-fashioned Portuguese traditional. After showing him our pictures of Colares, the genial Antonio became totally dedicated to our well-being, spending more time at our table than at all the others combined. When I asked for a Vinho Verde by the glass to start things up, he opened one, then a second, then a third, just to see which one we preferred. Something only an owner can do, obviously, but still remarkable. And totally winsome:
2008 Morgadio da Torre Alvarinho Vinho Verde 12.5%
Vibrant floral and citrus aromas, good weight but needs a touch more acidity and has too short a finish.
2006 Foral da Rainha Loureiro Vinho Verde 11.5%
Muted nose, but rich mouth flavors, floral and peach. Good weight, in a demi sec style, nice bitter finish but needs more acidity.
2006 Foral da Rainha Loureiro Seco Vinho Verde 12.0%
A dry version of the preceding. Muted nose, with some citrus. Good weight, correct acid/sweet balance, decent finish. Our choice for the evening.

The amuse bouches of cherry tomatoes soaked in olive oil, sliced sausages, fresh olives, and roasted peppers were uniformly delicious. As appetizers, we ordered a Portuguese azeito cheese (the molten kind, where you slice off the top) and a pt as appetizers, both excellent. As a main course, we shared a pork dish with creamy chestnut sauce, superb. With the latter, Antonio served us his last bottle of 1999 Casa de Saima Reserva Bairrada 12.5%. Casa de Saima is one of the producers we are going to visit in Bairrada, and the 1999 is unlikely to be tasted at the winery, so this made me happy.
1999 Casa de Saima Reserva Bairrada 12.5%
A blend of Baga and Touriga Nacional. Attractive cherry and old leather aromas. Smells older than its years because very slightly oxidative, but so slight as to be a plus. Lovely mouth feel, perfect acid/sweet balance. A treat.

We left on cloud nine after one of those wine-food epiphanies that become the stuff of private folklore. And the price was more than right, 64, all included.

Next: Bairrada
 
originally posted by SFJoe:
Very interesting, Oswaldo, thanks.

I was in Sintra a decade ago (visiting Lisbon for my guest patient gig at the European Association for the Study of the Liver), but had no time to visit Colares. Too bad for me.

Your liver must be a thing of beauty. Time to check on its state with another European tour.
 
originally posted by Thor:
Not enough bad puns to run afoul of my license. But most entertaining nonetheless.
Your license maybe.
If I have the opportunity to visit Portugal I hope to remember this resource. Thanks Oswaldo (leave the puns to the Northerners).
 
originally posted by Tom Glasgow:
originally posted by Thor:
Not enough bad puns to run afoul of my license. But most entertaining nonetheless.
Your license maybe.
If I have the opportunity to visit Portugal I hope to remember this resource. Thanks Oswaldo (leave the puns to the Northerners).

When I'm done I'll cobble the pieces together as a pdf with some pictures and upload as a jpg for reconversion, in case anyone wants to store for whenever they go.

As self-anointed chairman of the southern hemisphere chapter of the shadow cabinet of the IIIrd International, I hereby endow the annual attentive reading instead of rapid scanning prize to Christian.

Thor, very gracious of you to share at low intensity levels. Since language shapes thought, humorless writing can be a crime against the mind...
 
originally posted by Thor:
Besides, there's plenty of that. Just scan random threads here, these days... *sigh*

Yes, the disorderly weather seen around the world these days seems to have infiltrated the board.
 
Since depicting the human figure was verboten in Muslim iconography, their ornamental energies were fully channeled into abstraction, resulting in dazzling geometric patterns that predated Op Art and Constructivism by a cool millennium.

Actually it's very much more complicated than that. Generally speaking, originally depiction of human form was perfectly fine and only the Prophet's face wasn't shown. But there are plenty of early Persian/Afghan/Indian where people are shown and even the prophet (with a flame instead of a face) is pictured. In fact, only with the stronger advent of Wahhabism in the late 19thC-> has there been a wider ban. Though the great architecture of Islamic Spain doesn't tend to have human figures, I do recall some manuscripts did. But in Spain it was never as common as in the other end of the Islamic world. But oh my FSM! that geometric art was awesome! It's almost a clich to say it, but al-hamra* is magnificent.

Since language shapes thought[...]

Does it really? I wouldn't seem so sure of that but I must collect my thoughts on this.

What a shame you didn't get to have a tasting at Colares. One of the most fascinating tastings I have attended was a tasting of them back to early '30s. Some wines were off, quite a few were corked, but the rest were fascinating and even the 1933 (iirc) was full of life; some of the '40s were still a bit tannic!

* or El Alhambra, transl. "the-the red"
 
an amazing Bosch depiction of hell

I stood in front of that one in the Museu for several hours.

Ah, that saudade. And hours. And hills with backlit azulejos.

Though maybe part of the local experience was sulfury wine.
 
originally posted by Otto Nieminen:

Since language shapes thought[...]

Does it really? I wouldn't seem so sure of that but I must collect my thoughts on this.

* or El Alhambra, transl. "the-the red"

From my understanding, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, while not wholly discredited, is on fairly thin ice. Chomsky's theory on universal grammer, has, at the very least, cast severe doubt on the soundness of a strong Sapir-Whorf position.
 
originally posted by Yule Kim:
originally posted by Otto Nieminen:

Since language shapes thought[...]

Does it really? I wouldn't seem so sure of that but I must collect my thoughts on this.

* or El Alhambra, transl. "the-the red"

From my understanding, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, while not wholly discredited, is on fairly thin ice. Chomsky's theory on universal grammer, has, at the very least, cast severe doubt on the soundness of a strong Sapir-Whorf position.
Chomsky has some pretty harsh and persuasive critics. I don't pretend to be an expert, but I know a couple.
 
With all the caveats about Wiki, the entry on Muslim Art puts it better than I did: "Typically, though not entirely, Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns and Arabic calligraphy, rather than on figures, because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry and thereby a sin against Allah, forbidden in the Qur'an."

I'm taking some Colares home to taste in the coming weeks. Soon your solitary notes will have company, Otto.

The idea of language shaping thought is, I believe, a standard structuralist trope. Perhaps the Prof. can weigh in.

Saudade! Close to longing, but not quite. Imperfectly translatable (like the first line of Moby Dick). Azulejos! Odd that one of the most melancholy peoples of Europe (witness the Fado) emote so riotously on their faades. Strange (or perhaps not) that the most world-class painting in that museum is a depiction of hell.
 
I haven't met anyone who accepted Sapir-Whorf for years. But even if something like Chomsky's universal grammar actually governs all natural language, it would only handle syntax, not semantics (even NC only flirted with this idea for a bit in the sixties), so I don't see how it would necessarily discredit Sapir-Whorf if true. You could have semantic incommensurability without syntactic incommensurability. Even if the semantics was a function on the syntax, different languages could have different functions and so assign meanings to strings that had no corresponding meanings in other languages.
 
I think I see what you mean, (Full Disclosure: I have a fairly dumbed down, undergraduate understanding of linguistics).

I think what I was trying to say is that universal grammar implies that thought is encoded in a metalanguage that precedes the acquisition of the natural language, and that the metalanguage maps onto the natural language during language acquisition. Thus, the natural language doesn't alter or influence one's thought processes or perspective on the world, it is, as you say, just a string of symbols. But those string of symbols are meant to map onto things in the metalanguage, which functions independently of the natural language. Granted, this is a stronger statement than what the universal grammar theory proposes, (and in hindsight I think I was sloppy in my first comment), but I do think the gist of the universal grammar theory's reasoning supports the conclusion that natural language does not influence thought processes.

I also got overly swept up in Pinker's theory.
 
originally posted by Jeff Grossman:
Please. Some cognitive processes are materially affected by the subject's language and some are not. It isn't black and white.

How so? I would agree that it isn't black and white and am sure that natural language does affect cognitive processes in some ways. I just don't know of any. I imagine the ways in which natural language does influence thought isn't as extreme as posited by Sapir-Whorf.
 
I'm a fan of Cog Sci, so I take as my starting points the work of George Lakoff, Eleanor Rosch, and Pat Hayes. Throw in some Roderick Chisholm. I studied with Roger Schank. (Yeah, I'm weak on neurophysiology. A shame, really, as it's a hot field now.)

I guess the best examples would come from Lakoff or Lera Boroditsky. Her work is here and SciAm articles about her are here. Read the paper on the concept of time for English and Mandarin speakers.
 
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