originally posted by Morgan Harris:
Correct me if I'm wrong, but wasn't Martinsancho at one time one of the very few people still producing 100% Verdejo, since the Consejo Regulador for Rueda was pushing the uprooting of Verdejo in favor of replanting more internationally marketable varieties like Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc?
Actually - no. You have a couple of different developments mixed in there, but the chronology is wrong.
You have to go back to the phylloxera scourge, which hit Spain late (around 1900). In many regions, but particularly the northwestern quarter of the country, replanting was done under ruthless considerations of yield, or of sheer convenience, and the varietal makeup was drastically altered. Mostly, native white varieties were replaced with Jerez's rustic, high-yielding palomino (in Rueda and throughout Galicia), while native red varieties in Galicia were replaced with garnacha tintorera (alicante bouschet).
By the mid-1970s there were just a couple of hundred vines of godello left in Valdeorras and precious little verdejo in Rueda. These and several other (mostly Galician) varieties were on the brink of extinction. Sherry-like 'pálido' wines made under flor yeast from palomino were the most successful products in a then-dormant, backward Rueda region.
But a breakthrough occurred 35 years ago when the big Marqués de Riscal firm decided it wouldn't make white wine in Rioja and, looking for a more interesting area, searched around Rueda and discovered in La Seca (the best terroir there - huge CdP-like limestone rocks) that a small grower, Angel Rodríguez Vidal, owned a tiny (under one acre) vineyard called Martinsancho, planted over 100 years earlier with pre-phylloxeric verdejo vines.
Riscal's chief winemaker Paco Hurtado encouraged Angel to plant 10 more hectares with cuttings from Martinsancho, then in turn he got cuttings from that plot to create Riscal's vast network of verdejo vineyards. Much of the current verdejo surface in the region originates from that crucial genetic reservoir.
In just 15 years, most of the palomino had been replaced with verdejo. Riscal wanted to introduce another variety, in addition to some viura/macabeo brought from Rioja, to give the region a little more varietal diversity and make it possible to produce several types of wine, and the Bordeaux-trained Hurtado then brought sauvignon. (A little barrel-fermented verdejo is now made by Riscal and others, but over 95% of the region's production remains true to Riscal's original idea four decades ago: crisp unoaked whites.)
There are three sub-appellations: Rueda Verdejo (the top one), Rueda Sauvignon and plain Rueda (for blends). But the supremacy of verdejo is unchallenged: vineyard surface in the region is 9,140 hectares of verdejo (83%), 1,017 ha of viura (9.2%), 686 ha of sauvignon (6.2%) and 170 ha of palomino (1.6%). Then there is a small surface of red grapes (the Rueda DO now admits reds too.)
As for Angel Rodríguez Vidal, now 82, he made his first vintage under the Martinsancho brand 30 years ago, in 1981. He sells very little of it in Spain, as he has been very successful on international markets, particularly the US. He still says he is happy for two momentous decisions in his life: first, his refusal 50 years ago to uproot the Martinsancho plot as his father wanted him to (because its yield had become too low); then, his co-operation with Riscal, "a company which turned so many poor Rueda growers into prosperous ones."