Rant o' the day

Oswaldo Costa

Oswaldo Costa
Mulling over a potentially explosive combination.

.sasha’s intriguing comment that some producers chaptalize "to get the additional complexity from extending fermentation, not to achieve an abv number; but consider that the potential for complexity is there, chaptalization does not create it, obviously."

Louis Moreau's suspicious assertion that his 2010 basic Chablis weighs in at 12.0%, all his 2009 Premier Crus at 12.5% and all his 2008 Grand Crus, in a leaner year, at 13.5%.

Afaik, Grand Cru grapes don't have necessarily more sugar than Premier Cru grapes, so why the extra hundred basis points in a leaner year? It doesn't take a genius to figure out that Louis Moreau’s Grand Crus were chaptalized to get the "additional complexity" befitting their status, abusing the (otherwise not unreasonable) idea that the potential was already there. He may not have done it to raise abv, but higher abv was the inevitable consequence.

In effect, ladies and gentlemen - including the world-weary, who have been wagging their heads at my goodie-goodie naiveté - let me say that the veil has lifted. There are many "honest enough" producers, I am sure, but the villages/premier cru/grand cru system (and its analogues, playing in theaters everywhere) appears, if not structurally corrupt, at least an invitation to manipulate to an extent that makes a mockery of the notion of terroir.

Like Moreau, there must be a multitude who chaptalize to generate categorical differences in neatly ascending Burghound scores. Not like Roulot and Bachelet to make minor corrections. If this is a "scandal" waiting to be exposed (to the half dozen people who care) by some blend of Moore & Nossiter, it's a much more invisible one, and perhaps insidious, than the use of flying winemaker technology.

How can we tell the difference between the artistic correction and the commercial manipulation, particularly when both lie on the same continuum?
Until labels are required to state how much of the abv was achieved through sugar addition, which may never happen, perhaps our only clue, as far as red burgundy, is the darkness of the liquid. Never has the observation of color been so potentially telling.

OK, rant over.
 
Oswaldo, you need a drink. Stripped of some of its cultural context.

Maybe vodka on the rocks.

Anyhow, this:
Grand Cru grapes don't have necessarily more sugar than Premier Cru grapes
is mostly wrong.

In cold northerly places like Chablis, the GC sites are the ones that ripen the grapes (and have the right soils, drainage, etc. etc.). But they are well-exposed. OTBE, GC wines will be higher test without any manipulations.
 
What SFJoe said. Consult a topo map: you will see that many, many of the best vineyards are south or southwest facing. Many also follow natural curves in the hills that capture certain winds (for warmth and/or moisture).
 
Also, I don't see how darkness of the liquid can function as a proxy for added sugar. There are too many variables that determine color.
 
originally posted by Jeff Grossman:
. Many also follow natural curves in the hills that capture certain winds (for warmth and/or moisture).

um. almost invariably the opposite. attaining a certain level of 'ripeness' is easy, just move your vines south, or plant vines from the north.

it's a certain kind of ripening -- a process -- that is important, and heat is usually not conducive to it.

fb.
 
originally posted by Keith Levenberg:
Also, I don't see how darkness of the liquid can function as a proxy for added sugar. There are too many variables that determine color.

The idea, which may be wrong, or insufficiently right, is that for them to be dark, they have to ferment longer to extract more skin color, and for them to ferment longer they either have to be picked significantly riper or be chaptalized. Also, empirically, most of the pinots I have liked over the last few years, and that have appeared to me to have the most pinosity, have been on the pale side. Delicate. The ones I have liked least, not to mention all the new world versions, have been dark, concentrated, and with little or no pinosity. So, it makes sense to me as a clue that more than merely corrective chaptalization may have taken place.
 
O,
In addition to what Joe said, I doubt that all vineyards are picked on the same day - leaving room for variations in Brix.
Best, Jim
 
originally posted by Florida Jim:
O,
In addition to what Joe said, I doubt that all vineyards are picked on the same day - leaving room for variations in Brix.
Best, Jim

For sure, but with a 50/50 chance of going either way.
 
originally posted by Oswaldo Costa:
originally posted by Florida Jim:
O,
In addition to what Joe said, I doubt that all vineyards are picked on the same day - leaving room for variations in Brix.
Best, Jim

For sure, but with a 50/50 chance of going either way.
No, the choice of which vineyard to pick and when is not randomly made.
 
originally posted by Oswaldo Costa:
originally posted by Florida Jim:
O,
In addition to what Joe said, I doubt that all vineyards are picked on the same day - leaving room for variations in Brix.
Best, Jim

For sure, but with a 50/50 chance of going either way.
I don't understand.
Do you mean that one might have brix decrease with longer hang time?
Possible, but pretty rare absent rain or other unusual weather.
Best, Jim
 
originally posted by Oswaldo Costa:
The ones I have liked least, not to mention all the new world versions, have been dark, concentrated, and with little or no pinosity. So, it makes sense to me as a clue that more than merely corrective chaptalization may have taken place.
Well, exactly. There are all sorts of things you can do to a wine to get a dark color, from cold soaking to destemming to new oak to the high-tech spoofing repertoire, and it's also influenced by fermentation temperatures. So how is the color going to function as an indicator of how much chaptalization has been done?
 
originally posted by Keith Levenberg:
originally posted by Oswaldo Costa:
The ones I have liked least, not to mention all the new world versions, have been dark, concentrated, and with little or no pinosity. So, it makes sense to me as a clue that more than merely corrective chaptalization may have taken place.
Well, exactly. There are all sorts of things you can do to a wine to get a dark color, from cold soaking to destemming to new oak to the high-tech spoofing repertoire, and it's also influenced by fermentation temperatures. So how is the color going to function as an indicator of how much chaptalization has been done?

Agreed, it's only a clue that one or more things were done to ramp up the wine. Still something to avoid, in the absence of concrete info.

originally posted by Florida Jim:
originally posted by Oswaldo Costa:
originally posted by Florida Jim:
O,
In addition to what Joe said, I doubt that all vineyards are picked on the same day - leaving room for variations in Brix.
Best, Jim

For sure, but with a 50/50 chance of going either way.
I don't understand.
Do you mean that one might have brix decrease with longer hang time?
Possible, but pretty rare absent rain or other unusual weather.
Best, Jim

In a highly changeable climate (unlike, say, the Andes), with a limited number of pickers, I wonder what proportion of producers run the risk of picking their grand crus last. There is surely the temptation to pick them first and then, if necessary, chaptalize to get to the desired amperage, rather than run the risk of disastrous loss. Many of these growers have too much at stake, debts and mortgages, and the banks call the shots.
 
Alas in French only, the second half of this page has some interesting thoughts by Bernard Hudelot, owner of Chateau Villars Fontaine, on the economics of winemaking in France today: http://www.domainedemontmain.fr/

Found this part, about the fiscal system, particularly interesting:

Pourquoi les vins de Bourgogne sont-ils désormais consommés aussi jeunes ?

La première raison a été l’obligation faite aux viticulteurs de changer de régime fiscal au- dessus de 500 000 Frs de chiffre d’affaires. Avant cette mesure, les viticulteurs étaient au régime du forfait où un délai de deux ans après la récolte était accordé pour payer l’impôt. Ce délai laissait le temps nécessaire à l’élevage des vins. Aujourd’hui avec le régime du réel, les stocks sont estimés l’année de récolte au prix de revient et cette valeur devient immédiatement une recette, comme si le vin était vendu ! Le viticulteur paie de l’impôt sur de l’argent qui n’est pas encaissé !

La deuxième raison est que les banques sont de plus en plus réticentes à financer les stocks en raison des incertitudes du marché.

La troisième raison vient des supermarchés qui occupent une place de plus en plus importante dans la distribution des vins et profitent de leur puissance pour compresser fortement les prix d’achat.

La quatrième raison est qu’une partie des consommateurs déménagent souvent, qu’ils n’ont plus de caves fraîches et sécurisées.

Les conséquences sont multiples :

- Face aux difficultés de trésorerie, de nombreux viticulteurs ont raccourci voire supprimé la durée d’élevage des vins; commercialisant désormais des vins jeunes, tendres, ronds, sur le fruit, sans avenir et à consommer vite !

- La jeune génération de consommateurs aura moins l’occasion de connaître, de mémoriser et d’apprécier les qualités exceptionnelles des vins mûrs de Bourgogne.

- Les anciens plus habitués à boire ces vins mûrs sont aujourd’hui très souvent déçus par la jeunesse des vins actuellement servis sur table dans les restaurants ou proposés dans les commerces.

- La Bourgogne change de caractère et va à terme perdre son identité en se noyant dans la foule des vins jeunes, venus de partout, et dont la qualité ne cesse de progresser. On copie la copie et on oublie l’original !

- La presse parle aujourd’hui de "vins modernes" par opposition aux "vins classiques" ou traditionnels après avoir fait pendant des années l’apologie des vins jeunes!
 
Thanks for that article, Oswaldo. I think that pressures like that have been around for some time and it is probably prestige areas which feel them most or, to be more precise, the less prestigious producers in prestige areas. For example I can't imagine that the top Burgundy domaines or Bordeaux ch“teaux will compromise on quality for these reasons.

I don't fully understand the point being made about fiscal pressures. Acceleration of the payment date for tax seems like one problem and it sounds as if until recently growers with a turnover of more than 500000 could be taxed on a negotiated lump sum basis which could favour some and disfavour others. A move to a real accounts based taxation should be an improvement in theory; valuing inventories at cost (prix de revient) with charge of the opening inventory and credit of the closing inventory to P&L is classic accounting and nothing to complain about except for those who were profiting from a low lump sum. There are perhaps transitional provisions when introducing the method which may give a once and for all addition of inventories at cost to the income for the year in which the change occurs; that would be matter for grievance but would right itself in following years. There is also likely to be an additional book keeping and tax advice cost but hardy a back breaking one.
 
Oswaldo -- Why limit yourself to what the Bordelais say about Burgundy? Why not go all the way and quote John Wetlaufer and Helen Turley?
 
originally posted by Claude Kolm:
Oswaldo -- Why limit yourself to what the Bordelais say about Burgundy? Why not go all the way and quote John Wetlaufer and Helen Turley?

Bordelais? What Bordelais?

Tim, as I understand it, it's not about valuing inventories at cost but about the value becoming immediatelly taxable as income even though it has not been realized: "les stocks sont estimés l’année de récolte au prix de revient et cette valeur devient immédiatement une recette, comme si le vin était vendu! Le viticulteur paie de l’impôt sur de l’argent qui n’est pas encaissé!"
 
Muy apologies, Oswaldo, I see that Ch“teau Villars-Fontaine is a Burgundy estate (I mistakenly assumed that it was associated with the Villars family in Bordeaux). But it is located in the Hautes-Côtes, where economic conditions really have nothing to do with those on the Côtes de Nuits and de Beaune (rather like comparing conditions for Bordeaux Supérieur with classified Médoc growths), and even Chablis. So why cite its owner's analysis?
 
originally posted by Claude Kolm:
So why cite its owner's analysis?

The taxation picture he paints seems relevant to a general picture of financial pressure, one that might make some, less scrupulous producers, not just in Burgundy, but any place where categorical rankings are economically crucial, resort to chaptalization and other practices to more or less manufacture these differences.
 
Of all the historically documented practices that might tempt an unscrupulous Burgundy producer, chaptalization must be about 15th on the list.
 
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