originally posted by Jonathan Loesberg:
originally posted by Cliff:
It exculpates Hindenburg because the Nazis' electoral fortunes were declining when he named Hitler Chancellor. The Weimar system was a mess, to be sure, but it did not require Hitler's appointment in 1933. But I agree entirely with your larger point that representative government does not necessarily produce stable or desirable outcomes. Look at the U.S. South after the Civil War, or just about anyplace in Europe, apart from France and Britain, in the 1930s.
This is, of course, an old argument. I believe its central point--without regard to minor details like historical accuracy--is whether democratic elections can produce dictatorial regimes. I don't really think the answer to this is in doubt.
With regard to our argument, Hindenburg could have refused to call a general election for 1933, of course,though there is really no guarantee that this would have averted some form of parliamentary crisis. And, since Hitler had only 34% of the seats from the prior election, Hindenburg could have refused to appoint him Chancellor at all. And finally, even the election of 1933, aided by the Reichstag fire didn't give Hitler a governing majority (though they did give him increased representation). And he never won a Presidential election. But in the end, the stages to dictatorship were elections and parliamentary maneuvering of a kind that is hardly inimical to how such things worked in England going back into the early 18th century.
There are a lot of villains in this story. Hindenburg is one. But he really is the Peter Lorre character in the Maltese Falcon. Pinning it on him is an alibi for the larger problems of what happens to democracy when it doesn't have the economic and cultural underpinnings that are necessary to it.