Sanitizing bottles after sewer backup?

Mike Evans

Mike Evans
Does anyone know whether there is a safe and effective way to clean wine bottles that have been exposed to water from a sewer backup? To give a little more detail, there was a sewer backup at my storage facility last week. Fortunately, the water never pooled, so only a relatively small portion of my wine is affected (though it is still probably 100 to 200 bottles), as only the boxes on the floor got wet and we were able to remove the boxes above them before the water wicked up to them. Bottles in wood cases fared better, as none of the top rows were even slightly damp. With a few bottles, the labels were soaked, and these were the only bottles where the water came even close to the capsules. Most of the bottles were only in contact with water on the sides at the widest point as the necks were elevated.

I was surprised that there was pretty much no odor from the water that spread through the facility, and I saw no signs of solid waste, but I didn't see the bathrooms from which the backup originated until after the remediation team got through stripping and cleaning them, and lack of odor is certainly not a reliable way to determine how pathogen-laden the water was. County records show that the backup was 1050 gallons, so it was not an insignificant event, but which may also suggest some degree of dilution.

At this point, the outside of all of the bottles that came into any contact at all with water have been thoroughly wiped down with Sporcidin disinfectant so they should be safe to handle and I've segregated them while I figure out what to do with them. I found some studies that suggest that wine kills E. coli (including the nasty O157:H7 strain), salmonella, and some other bacterial pathogens, but I haven't found any studies showing that wine can kill viral pathogens or the full range of bacterial pathogens to which the bottles may have been exposed. I haven't stripped the capsules yet, as I haven't been willing to spend the time doing until I have a clue whether there are any methods of sanitizing the lip and exposed cork that I can be confident will sanitize the exposed surfaces without damaging the cork or contents, though I'm not inclined to try to salvage any bottles that show signs of leakage, crumbly corks, or other reasons to question the effectiveness of the seal.

I've found a few items online (but a surprisingly small amount since this can't be that unusual an occurence), but none that would give me an acceptable level of comfort. For example, one article suggested bleach without any reference to risks of generating TCA, which did little to suggest credibility. Other sources didn't explain either the specifics or their reasoning in enough detail to persuade me to risk exposing myself or others to the types of pathogens that the bottles may have come into contact with.

If the wines were submerged or had more substantial contact with untreated sewage, then it would be easy to write them off. But since the contact was minimal, trying to find a sanitization method is worth investigating as an option to fighting with my insurance company, the storage facility, and the county over coverage, liability, and damages. Does anyone have any thoughts or suggestions?
 
Mike,
I wouldn't be worried about the wine itself being contaminated, but I would disinfect the outside of the bottles as the coliform pathogens can be spread by touching the bottles. Two easy disinfecting solutions are a 10-fold dilution of Clorox or rubbing alcohol. In either case, I'd immerse the bottles (keeping the cork out of the disinfectant) briefly using rubber gloves to hold the bottle, then dry them off with paper towels. I'd sanitize the lip and cork using a cotton swab saturated with rubbing alcohol.

Mark Lipton
 
Thanks, Mark. Does the 10-fold dilution apply to the rubbing alcohol as well, or just to the bleach? So, for example, mix 16 ounces of 70% isopropyl alcohol with 144 ounces of water so 10% to create a 7% solution? And do you think this is this necessary for bottles that were thoroughly wiped down with a cloth that was well saturated with Sporicidin disinfectant (I kept the cloth sufficiently saturated that the bottles had to be air dried after wiping, so the surfaces of the bottles likely remained in contact with the disinfectant for at least 5 to 10 minutes)? I'm inclined to go with rubbing alcohol since it won't bleach the labels. It may remove the adhesive, but I can always tape them back on.
 
I would send a PM to our comrades in the ID/infection control business to see if they might be willing to opine.

I would be worried about stuff getting between the cork and the bottle and being hard to sterilize, that would then get you when you opened and poured.

The bactericidal activity of wine is real, but I don't think it's fast enough to kill many logs of pathogens.
 
originally posted by Mike Evans:
Thanks, Mark. Does the 10-fold dilution apply to the rubbing alcohol as well, or just to the bleach? So, for example, mix 16 ounces of 70% isopropyl alcohol with 144 ounces of water so 10% to create a 7% solution? And do you think this is this necessary for bottles that were thoroughly wiped down with a cloth that was well saturated with Sporicidin disinfectant (I kept the cloth sufficiently saturated that the bottles had to be air dried after wiping, so the surfaces of the bottles likely remained in contact with the disinfectant for at least 5 to 10 minutes)? I'm inclined to go with rubbing alcohol since it won't bleach the labels. It may remove the adhesive, but I can always tape them back on.

Mike,
The 10-fold dilution is only for the Clorox. Sporicidin should be just as effective as either, though (their literature says that they're broad-spectrum and active against MRSA and VRE, so should get coliform, too). The main thing is to make sure that you've sanitized the tops of the bottles, and that I'd only trust to a rubbing alcohol swab to avoid any possible contamination of the cork or wine. That would mean, first of all, removing all capsules (and only replacing them if they'd been thoroughly disinfected).

I am no expert on the subject, though, just someone with a fair bit of experience with disinfecting lab equipment. If you can find an expert, definitely get their input.

Mark Lipton
 
Thanks again, Mark. I'm looking for experts now, and also need to investigate whether there is a practical way to have the lips and corks of a few sample bottles tested before and after sanitizing them to get an idea about the likely extent of contamination and effectiveness of the sanitization process.

I'm most concerned about trying to salvage some older bottles that I suspect will be hard to value and replace, since they don't appear very often in secondary markets (such as 1989 Luneau-Papin L d'Or, 1998 and 1999 Thomas-Labaille Busters, 1998 to 2000 CRB Cot and Cabernet, and 1997 Hureau Lisagathe). Not expensive, but the relative rarity of bottles of this age and my sentimental attachment to them to me make me value them more than the 2000 Bordeaux and late '90's Burgs that were also affected, but for which money is more adequate compensation.
 
Sorry I'm late to reply. I was busy this past week. I would only have concern about bottles where water got up under the capsules. For those, getting the capsules off so as to not give any trapped water extended contact would be advisable (but it sounds like that's not many, if any of yours).

For the others, a thorough clean of the bottles with chlorox wipes we use to disinfect hospital surfaces should suffice. Something like this will do (brand not important). If the corks haven't gotten wet I'm not sure I'd be that worried about the wine. The labels might be a different story, but frankly that's only a concern if you're planning to sell the bottles IMO.

The extended contact time you describe should be sufficient. I'm not sure that using rubbing alcohol is really necessary for the outsides of the bottles and if the corks had not gotten wet in the first place likely not necessary for them.

Finally, there aren't many enteric bacteria or viruses that will survive all of the above and them further time before you drink the wine. You could always decant through a filter as SFJoe suggests, but I'd only decant if the wine needs it anyway and/or the label looks really damaged (for esthetics).
 
Thanks, Dan. I can't imagine selling any of the affected bottles without a full disclosure of the possible risks, probably included in a written release in which the buyer accepts the risks (which really means that I view them as unmerchantable), but this gives me some hope that I may be able to drink at least some of them.

Does anyone know if it might be possible to have swabs of the lips and corks of some of the bottles that had the greatest exposure to the water tested before and after wiping them down to assess (1) whether there is contamination in the first place and (2) whether the the sanitizing process has been effective in eliminating the contamination? I need to check with some microbiology labs, but I'm out of my depth here, and don't have any sense of what it may cost or of the reliability of testing such a small sample.
 
originally posted by Mike Evans:
Thanks, Dan. I can't imagine selling any of the affected bottles without a full disclosure of the possible risks, probably included in a written release in which the buyer accepts the risks (which really means that I view them as unmerchantable), but this gives me some hope that I may be able to drink at least some of them.

Does anyone know if it might be possible to have swabs of the lips and corks of some of the bottles that had the greatest exposure to the water tested before and after wiping them down to assess (1) whether there is contamination in the first place and (2) whether the the sanitizing process has been effective in eliminating the contamination? I need to check with some microbiology labs, but I'm out of my depth here, and don't have any sense of what it may cost or of the reliability of testing such a small sample.

Have you ever thought about what might happen to the bottles between the winery and your cellar (cats, dogs, rats...)? I think you are far too concerned about this incident.

I would also not sell these bottles myself, just for the ick factor, but other than that I would clean them throughly with some soap solution, spray with some 70% alcohol, let it dry. For those exposed at the neck I would remove the capsule first so you reach the top of the cork as well. Then when you open them wipe the opening with some alcohol if it makes you feel better... then enjoy.
 
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