SWR: Continuing Ruminations on Authenticity and Technological Innovation

MLipton

Mark Lipton
As I was slurping down my udon today in an environment in which formulaic pop music was blaring in the background, my thoughts turned to the parallels between pop music and wine. To wit, my contention is that much of the pop music generated in the last half century has relied upon advances in technology to render the "product" more polished and superficially appealing while at the same time eviscerating the music of any recognizable emotional depth, much like the technological innovations introduced in the cellar and vineyard in the last half century have produced commodified wines that, while polished and superficially appealing, lack many of the characteristics (food-friendliness, ageworthiness) that led to the appeal of wine to many of us in the first place.

In formulating this position, I couldn't help but draw parallels between traditional musical forms such as folk, blues, gospel, jazz and classical and traditional wine forms such as old-school Barolo and Barbaresco, N. Rhone Syrah, Burgundy, Bordeaux and Mosel Riesling. These forms established emotional resonance in the listener/wine drinker that varied but relied on certain norms for their power.

In drawing a contrast between these traditional forms and the more modern, commodified forms, it's tempting to use the term authenticity as a shibboleth, but I would question whether Katy Perry is any less authentic a musicisn than e.g. Bob Dylan or whether Mollydooker is any less authentic a wine than Clos Roche Blanche. Instead, the distinction I see is a certain homogenization of expression. Whereas the traditional forms permit a musician or vigneron to formulate a unique expression in their medium, the commodified versions seek a certain similarity and consistency that obscures (if not obliterates) those same individual distinctions.

I can foresee two counterarguments to my assertions. The first is that technological change has always occurred, with glass bottles replacing amphorae and corks replacing pitch (or saxophones, electric guitars and synthesizers being introduced) and that I'm simply drawing an artificial distinction between older innovations and more recent ones. My rejoinder would be that it's the role of the technology that distinguishes them: auto-tuners and drum machines, like RO and MegaPurple, are less about new modes of expression than they are about regularizing and adjusting individual artistry.

A second, more nuanced, objection would be that I am identifying artisans, who have always been in the extreme minority and that what's really changed is the remainder. To wit, the many flawed and technically unsound wines of yesteryear have been replaced by technically sound but soulless wines of today. Put another way, for every Thelonius Monk you have thousands of people plinking away at pianos making far less memorable music. Related to that would be the criticism that "natural" wine can be every bit as formulaic as e.g. Napa Cab.

Again, though, my sights are set on a somewhat different target: the changes wrought in Napa and Bordeaux, and the investment of the "music industry" in commercial pop, both of which IMO have embraced an ideal of consistency and regularity as opposed to individual differences. And we've seen in the last decade a pushback against these trends, such as the "New California" producers who've returned to a mode of expression familiar to Paul Draper and Steve Edmunds, among others, and the proliferation of new musical acts on Youtube and other online venues.

I also suspect that similar trends could be identified in other artistic media with which I am less familiar. So, is this just the continuation of long-term trend, or something specific to our times? Am I completely off-base here? Am I just blind to the emotional depth of Mollydooker wines and Katy Perry's music?

Mark Lipton
 
Great post, Mark.

There is a lot to discuss, but ultimately, I think, time will judge wether Katy Perry and her production team have created anything worthwhile.

The same could possibly be said of Napa cab but then a wine does not have to have longevity to be considered great.
 
Sing me a song, you're a piano man.

More seriously, how has a chemist any right to be as eloquent as you?

So, praise said, I'm gunna take guff with:

originally posted by MLipton:
The first is that technological change has always occurred, with glass bottles replacing amphorae...

Fancy-pants people are now doing the reverse course.

Though that is not the thing, clearly, at which you're angling.
 
originally posted by MLipton:
...auto-tuners and drum machines, like RO and MegaPurple, are less about new modes of expression than they are about regularizing and adjusting individual artistry.
If an artist relies upon auto-tune and drum-machine then what do they do at a live concert? Is there any reason to go?: if the sound can be processed in real-time then the live concert is very similar to the recorded song; if the sound cannot be processed in real-time then the live concert will be inferior to the recorded song. (...because the artist, presumably, wouldn't auto-tune him-/her- self if s/he could hold the pitch naturally, right?)

...the many flawed and technically unsound wines of yesteryear have been replaced by technically sound but soulless wines of today.
Yes. It's the difference between making music and the making of music. The former emphasizes the output while the latter emphasizes the process and the output. (...I worry this is not going to read as well as it is in my head.)

So, is this just the continuation of long-term trend, or something specific to our times?
Yes, Mark, we'll get off your lawn.
 
Well, I think Pop music is, like popular film and popular fiction, a special case in that, whereas each of these categories can produce real artists and do, the category exists to make profits for purveyors of it. I don't think there are spoofed string quartets being written and the parlous state of contemporary opera is more an economic than an aesthetic problem. I don't know what analogy to wine I would make except in the sense that most $10-15 wines serve a role in the market place and that accounts for them. Indeed, wine, like food, mostly serves an end and most people treat them as such, and did by the way back when wine was the standard beverage with meals because water wasn't potable and some alcohol was a preservative. Foodies and wine geeks, like aesthetes and decadents, are a breed created by the free space allowed in prosperous economies.
 
originally posted by Jonathan Loesberg:
Well, I think Pop music is, like popular film and popular fiction, a special case in that, whereas each of these categories can produce real artists and do, the category exists to make profits for purveyors of it.

This. Plus the many studies that show humans are most comfortable with familiar notes and patterns. Pop anything is generally risk averse.

As far as music technology goes, the true artist will just as often use it to push boundaries as they will to polish the sound -- Brian Eno, for one. The (perhaps unmeasurable) measure is whether or not the music has soul. I think Funki Porcini is doing amazing work with pitch and time shifting around jazz beats, presumably through computer technology for the most part. This is more compelling music to me than the most accomplished harpsichord virtuoso. I think we would all agree that provoking emotion in a listener is far more nuanced than the instruments used, analog or digital.

Technology has allowed more people to record and disseminate their work without always having the requirement of expensive studio time. That might mean more artists being recognized but it also means far more mediocre work to sort through. To go back to the wine analogy, I've always made a comparison of record labels to importers. If we can find the right gatekeepers, they may be able to point us to the paths we were always looking to follow.
 
originally posted by MLipton:
SWR: Continuing Ruminations on Authenticity and Technological Innovation

To wit, the many flawed and technically unsound wines of yesteryear have been replaced by technically sound but soulless wines of today. Put another way, for every Thelonius Monk you have thousands of people plinking away at pianos making far less memorable music. Related to that would be the criticism that "natural" wine can be every bit as formulaic as e.g. Napa Cab.

Again, though, my sights are set on a somewhat different target: the changes wrought in Napa and Bordeaux, and the investment of the "music industry" in commercial pop, both of which IMO have embraced an ideal of consistency and regularity as opposed to individual differences. And we've seen in the last decade a pushback against these trends, such as the "New California" producers who've returned to a mode of expression familiar to Paul Draper and Steve Edmunds, among others, and the proliferation of new musical acts on Youtube and other online venues.

I also suspect that similar trends could be identified in other artistic media with which I am less familiar. So, is this just the continuation of long-term trend, or something specific to our times? Am I completely off-base here? Am I just blind to the emotional depth of Mollydooker wines and Katy Perry's music?

Mark Lipton

The replacement of many flawed and technically unsound wines of yesteryear with technically sound wines benefits the vast majority of wine drinkers, no? Those who would scratch their heads if asked to look for "soul" in their glass but don't want antifreeze in their wine, or sour undrinkable wines, or bacterially-compromised wines? I would posit that the ocean of boring, "soulless," technically-correct wines that we have today is a great benefit to everyone. It essentially establishes a baseline for what wine ought to be. The majority will be happy to live there and be content with that, the soul-seekers will want to explore more interesting, quirky options once they tire of the standard. And there will be plenty of growers and producers who are also sick of the standard to keep them entertained.

I have no particular opinion of Katy Perry, though I find her social activism laudable, but I'd also point out that many of the artists/writers/musicians we think of today as high art were thought of in their time as essentially "pop" artists. Shakespeare was considered by many of his contemporaries to be essentially a canny craftsman who rewrote other peoples' plays to be more explicitly bloody, sexy and crowd-pleasing, and he retired a very rich man, the Elizabethan James Cameron. Mozart was considered to be pandering by writing operas in crude German rather than noble Italian; he did that because the money was in the beer-hall audiences and he wanted to get paid. More recently, the Beatles were originally considered to be a flash-in-the-pan haircut band, the original Flock of Seagulls. That judgment has generally changed. So one has to be very cautious in drawing a bright line between "popular" and "authentic," I think. The membrane might be there, but it's fairly permeable.
 
originally posted by Chris Coad:
The replacement of many flawed and technically unsound wines of yesteryear with technically sound wines benefits the vast majority of wine drinkers, no?

You do persuade me, and your comparisons are apt. So I thought I'd just pop in with a pre-reading-you thought related to this, as well as to the New York Times piece cited by Jason Adams. To wit: wine isn't milk, and no one has to drink it.

How do we play with that? I suppose you could argue (as you have) that "culture" (in the form of theater and music) is equally optional, and I really like the persuading theory that indifferent entry-level stuff preps tyros for greater nuance (hey! gateway drug!).

But still, isn't all of this optional? No one's going to suffocate for lack of Yellowtail. And a handle of vodka gets the job done quicker.
 
That said, one of my favorite reads is George Orwell's Down and Out in Paris and London, in which the workers (they're working in a kitchen, but it's nonetheless manual labor) are given liters of wine per day. Something like seven liters?

It was thin stuff, back then, but that's still a consequential amount.
 
originally posted by Sharon Bowman:
That said, one of my favorite reads is George Orwell's Down and Out in Paris and London, in which the workers (they're working in a kitchen, but it's nonetheless manual labor) are given liters of wine per day. Something like seven liters?

It was thin stuff, back then, but that's still a consequential amount.

Our ancestors seem to have been mostly drunk all the time. If you check out any one of many beverage bills from our First Congress, it's fairly mind-boggling.

"Indeed, we still have available the bar tab from a 1787 farewell party in Philadelphia for George Washington just days before the framers signed off on the Constitution. According to the bill preserved from the evening, the 55 attendees drank 54 bottles of Madeira, 60 bottles of claret, eight of whiskey, 22 of porter, eight of hard cider, 12 of beer, and seven bowls of alcoholic punch."

Or look at the daily rations of booze for a typical British sailor of the times: one pint of 140-proof rum a day, every day of the week, eventually watered down with water and lime juice to make grog, and augmented with beer and other spirits on special occasions.

It's kind of a marvel that anything got done.
 
Well, when you're on a boat, there's not much to do other than observe the sea, no?

But point taken. The farewell party is eye-opening.
 
After doing some cider tasting last week, I was re-reading about early cider drinking in our now USA. It was eye-opening as well (why do my eyes require opening so frequently?).
 
Thanks for all the thoughtful responses, folks. I finally have a bit of time to formulate my thoughts.

Jonathan - I'd thought that the high/low art divide had fallen out of favor in academics, as Chris notes in his comments. Your larger point about wine being a commodity in a way that music isn't is certainly valid, so perhaps I should focus on the issue of craftsmanship in winemaking, in the same way that cooks, cheesemakers and woodworkers can be superior craftsmen (artisans?).

Todd - as a devoted Enophile, I understand your point all too well. This is why I focused on the purpose to which the technology was put, that of obliterating individual characteristics and making a more homogeneous "product."

Chris - I agree with you about the benefits of better plonk (or is that boatloads of cheap crap?) and of the slippery distinction between high art and low art. This is why I wanted to focus on the stylistic shifts that took place in Bordeaux and Napa, which were not at all about making better vin ordinaire but rather about regularizing very limited production and expensive wines. The musical analogy to that shift might be the formation of the band Asia in 1981, when 4 technically proficient prog rock veterans made the decision to form a band to make commercially successful music. I have no truck with such decisions, but they're motivated by commercial rather than artisanal considerations, don't you think?

Regarding the drinking habits of our predecessors, one need look no farther than AJ Liebling's Paris, where 2-3 L of wine person was considered perfectly normal.

Mark Lipton
 
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