Oswaldo Costa
Oswaldo Costa
originally posted by Jonathan Loesberg:
originally posted by Oswaldo Costa:
The interest rate used to calculate the forward/future premium/discount is the risk-free rate of each currency, i.e. treasury bills of each central bank. For your real life example above, you would have to use your Euros to buy French govt. 90 day paper, thus approximating the yield used to calculate the premium.
If you can't buy such paper with 4000 Euro and have to settle for checking account interest rates, obviously you will get hurt, but that doesn't change the principle that the forward rate is impervious to supply & demand or expectations for price behavior. That only affects spot.
But our argument was precisely about first my situation and second that of wine importers, who I expect are in situations analogous to mine (they don't buy government bonds, they buy currency; if I'm wrong about this, I then withdraw that argument). It wasn't about bankers trading with each other. And, so, of course, it does change the principle with regard to such individuals.
Both you and most wine importers would be taking positions too small for the forward market, but it would be easy for either to open a margin account at a futures broker, post $10,000 margin, and buy a EUR futures contract. Round trip commission would be maybe $35, and that's the ONLY cost of hedging.
From a financial standpoint, buying currency is equivalent to buying government paper because it's presumed that the cash won't sit under a mattress but be invested in a risk free instrument of that currency. So that expectation is built into the pricing, and anyone who doesn't do it is giving away interest income (and that's what one does when one deposits in a bank account, which pays peanuts).
With stock index futures, or physical commodities like sugar and coffee, it's different because you don't earn any interest from going long one currency's interest rate stream, you only pay interest to whoever is financing your purchase (on margin). So differentials will tend to be higher than those for a currency future because, other things equal, the interest rate you pay will not be offset by an interest rate that you receive (with stock futures, there is dividend yield, but it's basically negligible).